Develop and share the most relevant scientific knowledge regarding the psychological health of populations exposed to armed conflicts and intergroup violence.
The Democratic Republic of the Congo is divided into twenty-six provinces, including the city-province of Kinshasa. The two provinces of Kivu (North and South) in the east of the country, with the prominent cities of Goma and Bukavu, particularly draw our attention. They are strategic and contain significant mineral resources that fuel armed conflicts in this region. The armed conflicts in the two provinces of Kivu have mainly caused many internal migrations, relocating numerous ethnic groups and leading to a challenging cultural coexistence among peoples.
For instance, in North Kivu, there is a "Great North" organized around the city of Butembo, with the Nande ethnic group, numerous and united, asserting themselves and remaining in control. And a "Small North" around Goma (the largest city in the region), where immigrants and natives (Rwandaphones, Hutu, and Tutsi) compete for land with the indigenous Hundes. Ethnically more diverse, South Kivu is organized around the city of Bukavu. Here, you find the Shi, Havu, Fuliru, Bembe, or Rega, who are indigenous, as well as many recent or long-standing immigrants like the Rundi (Hutu & Tutsi), such as the Banyamulenges.
Beyond this challenging intercultural coexistence, armed violence has increased in number in this part of the country and has become more complex for the control of mineral resources, causing many land conflicts. The armed group M23 (March 23 Movement) is currently the most active and well-equipped, supported by the neighboring Rwanda, according to the United Nations. The M23 rebels are mainly accused of carrying out summary executions and forcibly recruiting civilians in this part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, according to Human Rights Watch. Today, this region of Kivu represents an almost lawless zone: the government no longer exercises its authority there, warlords have control over economic activities. These activities focus on illegal trafficking of mineral resources orchestrated by various armed groups and mainly benefit Rwanda, Uganda, and multinational companies from developed countries. The looting of these natural resources finances arms trafficking and thus fuels the conflict that has persisted since the late 1990s (Le Ster, 2011). To describe the horror of rapes caused by armed groups in the East of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), a highly active NGO in the DRC, gives an idea of the extent of the phenomenon: in a report published in July 2022, the organization declares having treated nearly 11,000 victims – 30 per day – in its six health centers located in conflict zones" (details of this report can be found at [MSF website](https://www.msf.fr/actualites/rdc-des-violences-sexuelles). The number is "below the reality," notes the NGO.
Key Bibliographical Resources
GUERRE ET VIOL
Deux faces de fléaux traumatiques en République Démocratique du Congo
Collection : Études africaines - Psychologie
Zone géographique :
- Afrique > Afrique centrale > République démocratique du Congo
Thématique :
- Psychologie et psychanalyse
Détails de l'éditeur
Détails de l'éditeur
Le viol, une arme de terreur
Dans le sillage du combat du docteur Mukwege
Détails de l'éditeur
Les auteurs
In Koli Jean Bofane, Colette Braeckman, Guy-Bernard Cadière, Simon Gasibirege, Michèle Hirsch, Nathalie Kumps, Jean-Paul Marthoz, Thierry Michel, Hélène Morvan, Simone Reumont, Isabelle Seret, Maddy Tiembe et Damien Vandermeersch.
Liste partielle de films de la République démocratique du Congo.